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→Distribution and fairness
In many cases, adaptation will not be possible at all, for example in some places agriculture will no longer be possible due to higher temperatures and lack of water resources. Developing countries are, in general, most vulnerable due to the impacts being greater, coupled with a lack of financial, and technological infrastructure
In many cases, adaptation will not be possible at all, for example in some places agriculture will no longer be possible due to higher temperatures and lack of water resources. Developing countries are, in general, most vulnerable due to the impacts being greater, coupled with a lack of financial, and technological infrastructure<ref>[https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11625-020-00807-9 Loss and Damage and limits to adaptation: recent IPCC insights and implications for climate science and policy]</ref>. Moreover, the marginalization of these communities has typically been tied to the very processes that cause climate change, including colonialism, exploitation of resources (often while degrading the ecological resources that support local livelihoods) and fossil fuel–driven capital accumulation<ref name=":102" />.
Richer countries will have more resources than poor countries to adapt to the demands of a changing climate, meaning that there is a need for financial aid and technological assistance to poorer countries. The greater the degree of warming the greater the impacts on societies, economies, human health and ecosystems, hence the greater the challenge of adaptation.
Of the 192 countries that have submitted pledges to the Paris Agreement, 127 are partially or totally conditional. This means that without international finance or technical support, these pledges may not be implemented. These conditional pledges were mostly put forward by countries that lack the financial capability to reduce emissions as well as the technological and institutional capacity<ref name=":92" />.
Many of these commitments may not be implemented because, so far, little international support has materialized<ref name=":92" />.
The issue of climate change also brings up questions of generational responsibility. Older generations benefitted the most from economic development as a result of burning fossil fuels, whereas younger generations will – and are – suffering the consequences.
== <big>COP26 and beyond</big> ==
The climate and ecological crisis is already with us and getting worse as greenhouse gas emissions continue to grow and humans continue to destroy biodiversity. The damages from climate change are worse than expected a decade ago, and are already being felt across the globe. To keep the goal of limiting warming to a maximum 1.5°C within reach, significant reductions in emissions are needed in the 2020s, as well as in the following decades.
The past five years have had some successes. Solar and wind power have turned out to be much cheaper and easier to implement than predicted, electric vehicles are becoming more common and available, and low carbon technologies are competitive in a growing number of markets. However, there is increasing recognition that emissions need to be reduced in the sectors that are the toughest to decarbonize, such as aviation. A 2018 report on the aviation industry, for example, found that current plans to update technologies and improve operations will not mitigate the expected fuel demand and emissions<ref>[https://www.transportenvironment.org/discover/roadmap-decarbonising-european-aviation/ Roadmap to decarbonising European aviation]</ref>. Roadmaps are emerging for taking on emissions from heavy industry.
Changes in consumption patterns and dominant lifestyles are also a critical and integral part of the solutions to addressing climate change<ref>[https://hotorcool.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/15_Degree_Lifestyles_MainReport.pdf 1.5 Degree Lifestyles]</ref>. Lifestyles of individuals consist of various elements of daily living including consumption relating to nutrition, housing, mobility, consumer goods, leisure, and services.
Now that the goals of the Paris Agreement have been set, the Glasgow COP26 is expected to be about creating a more detailed roadmap of how to achieve them. Some important questions for the conference will include how to transition away from fossil fuels and how to convert net-zero pledges into action. To develop the next stages will require leadership on all levels, from individuals to businesses and investors, to government<ref name=":92" />, to the Global Assembly.
== <big>Glossary</big> ==
== <big>Glossary</big> ==
'''Scientific Revolution''': A change in thought that took place during the 16th and 17th centuries. During this time, science became its own discipline, distinct from philosophy and technology.
'''Scientific Revolution''': A change in thought that took place during the 16th and 17th centuries. During this time, science became its own discipline, distinct from philosophy and technology. By the end of this period, science had replaced Christianity as the focal point of European civilization.
6°C = 10.8°F
6°C = 10.8°F
== <big>Credits</big> ==
This information booklet was made to inform the learning phase of the Global Assembly.
The Global Assembly’s Knowledge and Wisdom Committee led the writing process of this booklet. The purpose of the committee is to ensure that the Global Assembly’s learning phase is grounded in evidence. This committee chose the framing question that the Assembly will be deliberating on, as well the content of this information booklet.
The members of the committee have expertise in: Earth Systems Science, Systems Change, Engineering & geology, Indigenous knowledge, Ecology, Climate Science, Environmental Economics, Climate Adaptation & Vulnerable countries, Behavioral and Cognitive Psychology.
The committee is chaired by Professor <u>[https://tyndall.ac.uk/people/robert-watson Robert Watson]</u>, former chair of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) and former Chair of the Intergovernmental Panel on Biodiversity Ecosystem Services (IPBES).
The members of the committee are:
* <u>[https://www.systemshift.earth/our-team Dr. Nafeez Ahmed]</u>, System Shift Lab, UK
* <u>[https://www.cardiff.ac.uk/people/view/1156602-capstick-stuart Dr. Stuart Capstick]</u>, Centre for Climate Change and Social Transformation, Cardiff University, Wales
* <u>[http://iegindia.org/staffmembers/faculty/detail/3549/3http://iegindia.org/staffmembers/faculty/detail/3549/3 Professor Purnamita Dasgupta]</u>, Institute of Economic Growth, Delhi
* <u>[https://www.icccad.net/our-team/saleemul-huq/ Professor Saleemul Huq]</u>, International Centre for Climate Change and Development (ICCCAD), Bangladesh
* <u>[https://thefountain.earth/people/ Jyoti Ma (USA) & Mindahi Bastida Munoz (Mexico)]</u>, The Fountain, Sacred Economics, Indigenous Wisdom Keepers
* <u>[https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Michael-Oti Professor Michael N. Oti]</u>, Petroleum Geology, University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria
* <u>[https://profjuliasteinberger.wordpress.com/about-me/ Professor Julia Steinberger]</u>, Ecological Economics, University of Lausanne, Switzerland
This information booklet went through twelve iterations. It was written by journalist <u>[https://www.linkedin.com/in/tarn-rodgers-johns-a146099b/?originalSubdomain=de Tarn Rogers Johns]</u> with guidance and feedback from [http://clairemellier.com/ Claire Mellier]. It was sub edited by [https://www.linkedin.com/in/natalie-marchant/?originalSubdomain=uk Nathalie Marchant]. Feedback on the drafts was provided by [https://www.linkedin.com/in/lydiamessling/?originalSubdomain=uk Dr Lydia Messling], Will Bugler and Georgina Wade, climate communication specialists from consultancy group [https://www.willistowerswatson.com/en-US Willis Towers Watson], and by the [https://globalassembly.org/ Global Assembly Lab partners].