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At the moment, the Earth’s oceans are absorbing 30 percent of the global CO2 emissions and almost all of the excess heat in the atmosphere, leading to warming sea temperatures. Since 1993, the rate of ocean warming has more than doubled<ref>[https://www.ipcc.ch/report/srocc/ IPCC 2019 Special Report The Ocean and Cryosphere in a Changing Climate], SPM A2</ref>, resulting in the destruction of coral reefs and extinction of some marine life. Coral reefs are particularly vulnerable to climate change and are projected to decline to 10 to 30 percent of former cover at 1.5°C warming, and to less than one percent of former cover at 2°C warming<ref>[https://ipbes.net/sites/default/files/inline/files/ipbes_global_assessment_report_summary_for_policymakers.pdf IPBES 2019 Global Assessment]</ref>. The accumulation of heat in the oceans will persist for centuries and affect many future generations<ref>[https://wedocs.unep.org/xmlui/bitstream/handle/20.500.11822/34948/MPN.pdf UNEP 2021 Making Peace with Nature], pg.22</ref>.
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